Alternatively, ascending to a high altitude may decrease lung volumes probably due to increased pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary edema or premature small airway closure (1). Like, level of physical activity, regular exercise, especially swimming and endurance training. However, there are other factors which should be considered. The factors like age, gender, weight, height and ethnicity are the main physiological determinants of the static lung volumes/capacities. There are many factors that affect static lung volumes/capacities. Once again carefully read the descriptions on volume and capacities and then try to interpret it through this graph.įactors affecting lung volume and capacities We can represent all these four lung volumes and four capacities in a graph. #4 Total Lung Capacity (TLC): It is the total volume of air that remains in the lungs/thorax after a maximum inspiration. #3 Functional residual capacity (FRC): It is the volume of air that remains after the tidal expiration. To measure it, first, achieve maximum inspiration then forcibly expel all the air as fast as possible into a measuring device. It is the total volume of air within the lung that is under volitional control. The vital capacity of normal adults ranges between 3 to 5 litres. It is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume. #2 Vital Capacity (VC): Vital Capacity (VC) is defined as a change in volume of the lung after maximal inspiration followed by maximal expiration is called Vital Capacity of lungs. So, it is the sum of Tidal Volume (TV) + Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV). #1 Inspiratory capacity (IC): Inspiratory capacity is the volume of air that can be inspired from the end of the tidal expiration or the volume of air that can be inspired forcibly after a normal inspiration. So, it can be defined as the volume of air remaining in the lung after ERV has been done. The amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation is the residual volume. That is, the lung doesn’t get fully emptied even after forceful expiration. #4 Residual Volume (RV): Even after forceful expiration, there is some volume of air still left inside the lung. Now, close your eyes and after taking normal inspiration, try to exhale the maximum amount of air possible. This extra amount of air in addition to normal expiration is ERV. #3 Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): Expiratory Reserve Volume is defined as the amount of air that can be expelled during forceful expiration. This, additional air you inhaled in addition to the tidal volume mentioned above, is the IRV. Now, take a deep breath to your maximum capacity and expel it out. To understand it, again sit relaxed on a chair with your eyes closed. Actually, it is the additional air to the tidal volume that can be inspired during the forceful inspiration. #2 Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): Inspiratory reserve volume is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled during a forceful inspiration. So, tidal volume is defined as “The volume of gas inhaled or exhaled during the resting breath is called the tidal volume”. The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during this rest breathing is the tidal volume. Now, try to feel your inspiration and expiration (air expelled) with closed eyes. #1 Tidal volume (TV): To understand tidal volume, just sit relaxed on a chair and close your eyes. So, let us discuss how inspiration and expiration are measured in their different forms. Lung volume is the volume of gas that moves in and out during our inspiration and expiration. The amount of air in the lungs can be subdivided into four (4) volumes and four (4) capacities. So, lung volume is the measure of the volume of gas/air that moves in and out during normal respiration and forceful respiration. When respiration is normal, the lesser amount of air moves in and out which increases when we rate of respiration increases during running, etc. During respiration, there occurs the movement of air in and out of the pulmonary system. Lung volume and capacities are the measures of the amount of air in the lungs when we breathe normally and forcefully.
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